Banana Yoshimoto, original name Yoshimoto Mahoko, (born July 24, 1964, Tokyo, Japan), Japanese author who achieved worldwide popularity writing stories and novels with slight action and unusual characters. 

Yoshimoto was reared in a much freer environment than that of most Japanese children. Her father, Takaaki (whose pen name was “Ryūmei”), was an intellectual, critic, and leader in the radical student movement in the late 1960s. Yoshimoto entered the College of Art at Nihon University, Tokyo. There her graduation story, the novella Moonlight Shadow (1986), was an immediate hit and earned her the Izumi Kyoka Prize from the faculty. About this time, by her own account, she chose the pen name Banana Yoshimoto because she considered it both cute and androgynous and because of her love for banana flowers.

While working as a waitress, Yoshimoto wrote the novella Kitchin (Kitchen), published in 1988. Two more books—Kanashii yokan (“Sad Foreboding”) and Utakata/Sankuchuari (“Bubble/Sanctuary”)—were published in Japan that year. Kitchin was translated into Chinese in 1989. A translation of Tsugumi (1989; Goodbye, Tsugumi) appeared the following year in South Korea. Her first book published in English translation, which contained both Moonlight Shadow and Kitchin, was published as Kitchen in 1993, and her reputation spread to readers throughout the United States and England. Further translations generated popularity worldwide. Two Japanese directors, Ishikawa Jun (Tsugumi, 1990) and Morita Yoshimitsu (Kitchin, 1990), adapted her novels to the large screen, and in 1997 Hong Kong director Ho Yim made a Cantonese-language version of Kitchin.

While her name spread, Yoshimoto continued to write, producing the novels NP (1990; N.P.), Amurita (1994; Amrita), and Hādoboirudo/hādorakku (1999; Hardboiled & Hard Luck). The phenomenal appeal of Yoshimoto’s work was not always evident to English-language critics, some of whom—reading her work in translation and unfamiliar with Japanese culture—called her writing superficial and simplistic and her characters unbelievable. Yet her Japanese fans continued to respond to elements in her writing that were both old and new. Though her characters, settings, and titles were modern and influenced by American culture, they were unmistakably Japanese at the core. Some cited the traditional Japanese aesthetic sensibility known as mono no aware, usually translated as “a sensitivity to things,” as the essence of her style. Yoshimoto’s stories were not entirely evanescent; they briefly budded, flowered, and faded, leaving behind a lingering scent of great beauty and loss. 

Yoshimoto also published several volumes of short stories, including Shirakawa yofune (1989; Asleep) and Tokage (1993; Lizard), and several volumes of essays, including Painatsupurin (1989; “Pinenuts [or Pineapple] Pudding”), Yume ni tsuite (1994; “About a Dream”), and Painappuru heddo (1995; “Pineapple Head”). In 2000–01 a one-volume author’s selection appeared, and four volumes of collected works were published.